It is a common problem to detect parents or childs of pages and categories in WordPress correctly. The way WordPress stores relationships in hierarchies is not that trivial sometimes, so the results when querying are a bit confusing sometimes. It took some time to determine and optimize functions which do this job good and without faults, and I want to present these. As in this function I prefer working with page IDs, as this is the savest way to identify certain pages. With little changes it should also be possible to use these using e.g. slugs. Both of these functions can be used inside and outside of “the Loop” or loops.